Gas or oil engine



(No` Model.)

H. SWALN. GAS OR QIL ENGINE.

No. 564,769K Patented July'ZB, 1896.

UruTnD STATES IIADW'EN SW'AIN, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

.GAS oR ou. ENGiNEz SPECIFICATION forming pm of Letter Patent No.l 564,769, dated/,my 28, 1896. y

r,Prfrnivr OFFICE.

Appiicmumedipal16,1895. sentimenten. montar) c.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HADWEN SWAIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor or Oil Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of saidinventio'n, such as will enable others -skilled in the art to which it most nearly apper'tains to make', use, and practice the same.

This invention relates to improvementsin vapor or-oil engines; and it consists in the novel construction and arrangements of the parts whereby liquidoil is forced' into the cylinder against the pressure ofthe air previously admitted and compressed therein, whereby the quantity of oil injected into the said cylinder is constant, whereby the pressure upon the oil is maintained independently of the engine, whereby the oil is maintained in liquid form until it Ais injected into the cylinder, whereby th'e injecting of the Vsaid oil is ,timed with reference tothe running of the engine, and whereby ignition of the explosive duid is accomplished irrespectively of the artificial means of heating the igniting-'chamberafter the starting of the engine, all as hereinafter more specliiicallydescribed. l l

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis an elevation of. an upright engine provided with this invention. Fig. 2 is a detail view of the ignition-chamber. Fig. 3-is a detail view in section of the inletwalve controlling the ow of the oil.

In this invention the cylinder Vis providedv with thc ignition-chamber Z, which is slightly removed from the said cylinder by means of the connecting-tube n. By means of this small connection through the tube fn, the heat in the ignition-chamber lis 'not transmitted to the cylinder of the en gine,which is maintained cold by means of the usual water-jacket. The ignition-chamberl is provided with the extension or closed tube m. The ignition-chamber and 'extension vm are contained within the asbestos -lined jacket K, which is provided to prevent the radiation of the heat from .the chamber Z. The said jacket is Afurther provided'with suitable opening at the top for the purpose of ventilation or draft for the lamp j. The lamp j is so arranged that'its heat is thrown direct against the lower lamp here .described Isometimes substitu e f an electrical attachmentto produce thzispre end of the tuberi. l' By this' .Wnieans,` 4',concen irating, as' it does,- the heat upon a'srnall spot,v H

heated to asuticient degree or not. -For the liminary heat'ng within are chamba-fz Ifplaee in scatter-ee Yform'bundles ofA iron or vplatinumwire orf,

scraps. By then'se-of these bundlesw hicl,i` absorb the heat.c`aus e'd bythe vaporization..

of the oil as it enters the chamber Z, I quickly produce an igni-ting medium allowing -me to dispense with thearticial heat of vLhcflamp ignition-point. I iind this form of ignition,

j. As the engine continues its `operation thea heat-of the continuous explosions raisest-he` 'temperature of the whole chamber Z to the r.

by reason of not having to depend upon the` I lamp j, or other `foi-1n of artiicialrheat, to be" of great service in many forms 'of engines* 'l but .especially those'fdesigned .for use in.

launches; Y

Opening into the chamberlis the which carries the inlet-valve a.; This valve is 'closed by m'eansof the needle D, as shown in Fig. 3. The outer passageof the said v'alvc is connected to the tube B,- which extends-to the pump'A, by means ot' which the oil is Asupff'i' plied under constant pressure to. the rear" off the Valve CL- A The pump A is of any snitablef '1" form of plunger-pump lhaving valves, (andig preferably an air-cliamben) and is arranged to be operated on its outward stroke by the',

engine. (See Fig. 1.) This operation is accomplished by means of theconn ection tothe crank-shaft of the engine through the eccentric p, having an extension provided with the collar q, which tits around the'plunger-rod of' 'the pump A and under the head fr of the same. 'By this means the quantity of oil in to allow the plunger-rod to fall' 'so' that the.

'the pump Ais constantly maintained, as when the quantity becomes exhausted suiciently'xoo head ris brought within the stroke of the eccentric p and its collar q it is immediatelyy Araised by the action of the said eccentric.- A l m5 The downward pressure o n the plungerrod is maintainet'iby .the lever which vis pivotally connected to the frameof the engine at V and to the plunger-rod by means of the piu f -s l so4,7ee

G. It is provided at the outer or free 4end with the set -weight w. By means of this weight I can produce any desired pressure in the pipe B and behind the valve a. Further,

.5 this'pressure, being irrespective of the run` ning of the en 'ne,1s constant. To augment the action of th sweight, I have placed around the plunger-rod and inte lever t and the collar q t e spiral spring s.

ro While I have shown the use of both the weighted lever and the spiral spring, it will be read- `ily understood that I can dispense with either without altering the Aspirit of this invention, which is to ma ntain a constant downward 5 pressure upon the plunger-rod ofthe pump A.

At the outer end of the lneedle D, I conneet the one end of a ,belhcrankb, which is mounted pivotally on therame of the engine at'o.- To the free end of the said-bell-erank o I attach the connecting-rod c, the other end" of which is brought within the influence of the cam f. This construction may be infinitely varied. I have shown a very simple form, which consists in providing the lower 5 end of the rod-c with an elongated slot sur- (not shown in drawings,) connected to the rodv I c to'draw it downward, will immediately restore .the parts to their normal position, closing the valve a., The cam fis attached to the shaft carrying the cam e, which operates the exhaust-valve. This shaft, asin the ordinary construction, is geared two to one with the crank-shaft E.

To prevent the heat from oeing transmitted from the ignition-chamber to the pipe B, I have provided at the upper end of the said pipe a water-jacket g, having the inlet h and the outlet i. 'These pipes h and 'i may be connected to the water-jacket surrounding the cylinder oi.' the enginel or may have an independent-circulatory system. If necessary,

the tube containing the valve a may be contained within this water-jacket in order to.

insure the oil passing the valve `a in liquid orm.

s In its operation an engine thus'v provided with my invention takes into the'cylinder, in the way usual to gns or vapor engines, air, exploding every second revolution. 'lhc oil or gasolenc is forced into the cylinder just or nearly as the crank reaches the inward center on the explosion or second stroke. The oil is not forced directly into the cylinder, but into the chamber I, which is heated -to the i iitin-point. The vaporons oil immediate y eommunicntes und enters into composition Vith tho air which is compressed in the cylnder and saidhambor, forming thereby the xploslve iluid. This fluid in the first part between the.l

of the operation of th'e engine coming inl ecntact with the extension m, heated to the point of ignition, causes au explosion of the whole 7o volume of fluid contained within the cylinder and chamber l.

In order to force the liquid oil into the cham bor l, against the compressed air in the cylinder and said chamber, it is necessary to pro- 7,5 duce a pressure on the oil to the rear of` the' valve a greatlyinexcess of the pressure u l the air contained in the chamber l. his I accomplish *.by means of the Vweight d'1 and the pump A. The quantity ofoil which is requiredI vto impregnato the air within the cylinder is so minute that I have found it impossible to'secure the necessary accuracy by means of a pump actuated by any other than in Fig. 1. As above described, the Vinjection of the necessary amount of oil is timed and a const-ant ejecting impulse, such as showns controlledv by means of the valve a, which isy i operated b the cam a and the connections bellicrank connecting-rod and roller 9 c A-'lhe cam f is set on its two-to-one shaft, `so .as to time the opening of the valve a that tho injection ofthe oil into the chamberl- I takes place just as r-nearly as the crankshaft reaches theV inward center on the ex- 95 plosion-stroke.

Having thus described this invention,what

I claim 'is- II. Inavapororoilengnle such asdescribed, having a heated ignition-chamber in combination with a'supply-pipe connectinga reser- -voir und the ignition-chamber, a pump to force the oil in said supply-pipe towardv the ignition chamber, suitable independent devices to force inward the plunger of the said pump, lifting attachment connected with the vrunning-gear adapted t-o draw the plunger outward when it sinks within the path of the' saidliftingattaelnnent,anda vulveeonnected` to the ru n ni iig-gear of the engi ne to be opened during predetermined intervals the operation of the engine substantially as described.

' 2. In a vaporor oil engine suchas described,

the combination with a heated ignition-chamber, of a p ump to force oiltoward the ignition-chamber, a supply-pipe connecting said ignition-cham ber and pump, sp1-ings connected to the plunger of said pump to produce a constant driving pressure in said pump, lift- I ing device connected to -the runnipr adapted to drawthe plunger outwa w en IRQ it sinks to a predetermined point, a valve in said.supply-pi1 c opening into the ignitionclnunber, and interposed connectionsbetwee'n the running-gear of the engine und valve to open the latter in accordance with the operation of the runninggear, substantially as described. Y

. In testimony whereof I havehereunto set my hand this 2d dayofApril, 1895.

- IIADWEN SWAIN. 

